Of the original 24 buildings, seven remain. The site was listed on the Nation Historic Register, however, and much of it is preserved. It was eventually closed in 1976 and redeveloped in the 1980s. Throughout the war there were complaints of lack of housing and exorbitant rents for such substandard units as were available.”īut as real estate practices became less segregated and black households could move to formerly all-white suburbs built in the 1950s and 1960s, Lockefield Gardens declined. Even though they were earning good wages, rental property was not available to them. In 1942 the president of a local of the United Automobile Workers at the National Malleable Company, which included several hundred black members, reported that most of them were living “practically out of doors” in makeshift quarters. “The influx of Negro workers during the war years created a crisis in housing in older parts of the city. In The Indianapolis Story, Emma Lou Thornborough of the Indiana Historical Society gives this account of substandard housing in black neighborhoods. Lockefield provided much-needed quality housing to black residents, many of whom were living in sub-standard housing. According the to Historic American Buildings Survey, “Lockefield was part of the first involvement of the Federal Government in providing low cost housing for the poorest urban Americans.” The project was funded through a “New Deal” program in 1934 and completed in 1938. Lockefield Gardens was one of the nation’s first federally funded public housing projects. Recently, since 2010, new apartments have been constructed in this area that appeal to IUPUI students and professionals. However, in the 1950s the area was completely redeveloped with modest (about 1,000 square feet), suburban homes. The neighborhood surrounding Crispus Attucks was densely developed with small urban lots by the 1930s. Since then, its preservation and redevelopment has contributed to population growth in this area. Ransom Place is a late 19th-century historically black neighborhood that experienced significant decline by the 1980s. It is now listed on the National Historic Register and has been redeveloped and partially preserved. Lockefield Gardens was a federal public housing project that served as an early model for future developments, but was eventually closed in 1976. To understand these changes, we examine three smaller neighborhoods within this area more closely: Lockefield Gardens, Ransom Place, and the neighborhood around Crispus Attucks High School, once known as Pat Ward’s Bottom. In 1970, the neighborhood was almost entirely black, the growth of IUPUI’s campus and the general demographic trends of downtown Indianapolis have made this neighborhood increasingly white, college-educated, and populated with young adults.
Its population has begun to grow modestly, but the demographic makeup has changed.
In our analysis of Indianapolis’ changing neighborhoods, we found that this area lost 4,000 residents between 19. Johnson, Freddie Hubbard, and Wes Montgomery. The street fostered Indianapolis legends that became titans of jazz, like J.J. The area, also known as Midtown, was home not only to thousands of black residents, but also a vibrant cultural scene that featured national stars in jazz, blues, and black art forms. Beginning in the latter half of the 19th century, Indiana Avenue was the hub of Indianapolis’ black culture.
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